Device for making a part of a composite material by resin-transfert moulding

The invention relates to a device (IO) for ma.king a part of a composite material by resin-transfer moulding, that includes a manufacturing mould (IO) in which is placed a blank (1) of the part to be impregnated with resin, characterised in that the manufacturing mould (20) is divided into a matrix (21) and one or more mobile structural members (22) to be indexed on the matrix (21), the whole defining, after assembly, an imprint corresponding to the shape of the part to be manufactured.FUI 072906222 projet CAPSAIRT

Analyzing 2.3 Million Maven Dependencies to Reveal an Essential Core in APIs

This paper addresses the following question: does a small, essential, core set of API members emerges from the actual usage of the API by client applications? To investigate this question, we study the 99 most popular libraries available in Maven Central and the 865,560 client programs that declare dependencies towards them, summing up to 2.3M dependencies. Our key findings are as follows: 43.5% of the dependencies declared by the clients are not used in the bytecode; all APIs contain a large part of rarely used types and a few frequently used types, and the ratio varies according to the nature of the API, its size and its design; we can systematically extract a reuse-core from APIs that is sufficient to provide for most clients, the median size of this subset is 17% of the API that can serve 83% of the clients. This study is novel both in its scale and its findings about unused dependencies and the reuse-core of APIs. Our results provide concrete insights to improve Maven's build process with a mechanism to detect unused dependencies. They also support the need to reduce the size of APIs to facilitate API learning and maintenance.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, 2 listing

Late relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute leukemia: a retrospective study by SFGM-TC.

peer reviewedLate relapse (LR) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) for acute leukemia is a rare event (nearly 4.5%) and raises the questions of prognosis and outcome after salvage therapy. We performed a retrospective multicentric study between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2016, using data from the French national retrospective register ProMISe provided by the SFGM-TC (French Society for Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy). We included patients presenting with LR, defined as a relapse occurring at least 2 years after AHSCT. We used the Cox model to identify prognosis factors associated with LR. During the study period, a total of 7582 AHSCTs were performed in 29 centers, and 33.8% of patients relapsed. Among them, 319 (12.4%) were considered to have LR, representing an incidence of 4.2% for the entire cohort. The full dataset was available for 290 patients, including 250 (86.2%) with acute myeloid leukemia and 40 (13.8%) with acute lymphoid leukemia. The median interval from AHSCT to LR was 38.2 months (interquartile range [IQR], 29.2 to 49.7 months), and 27.2% of the patients had extramedullary involvement at LR (17.2% exclusively and 10% associated with medullary involvement). One-third of the patients had persistent full donor chimerism at LR. Median overall survival (OS) after LR was 19.9 months (IQR, 5.6 to 46.4 months). The most common salvage therapy was induction regimen (55.5%), with complete remission (CR) obtained in 50.7% of cases. Ninety-four patients (38.5%) underwent a second AHSCT, with a median OS of 20.4 months (IQR, 7.1 to 49.1 months). Nonrelapse mortality after second AHSCT was 18.2%. The Cox model identified the following factors as associated with delay of LR: disease status not in first CR at first HSCT (odds ratio [OR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.64; P = .02) and the use of post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.21 to 4.14; P = .01). Chronic GVHD appeared to be a protective factor (OR, .64; 95% CI, .42 to .96; P = .04). The prognosis of LR is better than in early relapse, with a median OS after LR of 19.9 months. Salvage therapy associated with a second AHSCT improves outcome and is feasible, without creating excess toxicity

La sécurité informatique des données patient en officine

The rise of Software has allowed medical practitioners to share and process considerable amount of data with greater ease. Therefor, the vast majority of health related data is, today, digital. But this data is still often stored by the practitioner responsible for its protection, as it used to be in its paper form. This transition, aside of its many upsides, has opened the door to new threats to the confidentiality of this data thus changing the nature of practitioners responsibilities. In this work, we propose an overview of both the legal framework and the technical resources related to this issue. We also assess the state of practice of patient data management compared to recommendations through a survey of 142 french pharmacists. We then propose actionable advises based on the survey's results for practitioners to improve the protection of their patients' data.L’informatique a permis d’améliorer considérablement le soin en facilitant le partage d’informations entre professionnels de santé, et grâce au traitement de grandes quantités de données. Aujourd'hui une très grande majorité des données de santé sont sous forme numérique généralement stockées chez divers professionnels de santé, qui ont la charge de leur protection. Mais cette transition du support papier au numérique, au-delà des avantages procurés change la nature des obligations dues à la confidentialité des données de santé. Les données, à partir du moment où elles transitent ou sont stockées sur un ordinateur connecté à internet, sont susceptibles d'être attaquées par une personne connectée. Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons aux cadres législatifs encadrant la vie privée et les données de santé, puis aux moyens techniques assurant leur protection. Nous décrivons et analysons des pratiques de terrain par les résultats d'un questionnaire portant sur l'application des recommandations par les pharmaciens d’officine et leurs employés. Nous évoquerons pour finir les améliorations procédurales envisageables compte tenu des résultats du questionnaire

API beauty is in the eye of the clients: 2.2 million Maven dependencies reveal the spectrum of client–API usages

International audienceHyrum’s law states a common observation in the software industry: “With a sufficient number of users of an API, it does not matter what you promise in the contract: all observable behaviors of your system will be depended on by somebody”. Meanwhile, recent research results seem to contradict this observation when they state that “for most APIs, there is a small number of features that are actually used”. In this work, we perform a large scale empirical study of client–API relationships in the Maven ecosystem, in order to investigate this seeming paradox between the observations in industry and the research literature.We study the 94 most popular libraries in Maven Central, as well as the 829,410 client artifacts that declare a dependency to these libraries and that are available in Maven Central, summing up to 2.2M dependencies. Our analysis indicates the existence of a wide spectrum of API usages, with enough clients, most API types end up being used at least once. Our second key observation is that, for all libraries, there is a small set of API types that are used by the vast majority of its clients. The practical consequences of this study are two-fold: (i) it is possible for API maintainers to find an essential part of their API on which they can focus their efforts; (ii) API developers should limit the public API elements to the set of features for which they are ready to have users

API beauty is in the eye of the clients: 2.2 million Maven dependencies reveal the spectrum of client–API usages

International audienceHyrum’s law states a common observation in the software industry: “With a sufficient number of users of an API, it does not matter what you promise in the contract: all observable behaviors of your system will be depended on by somebody”. Meanwhile, recent research results seem to contradict this observation when they state that “for most APIs, there is a small number of features that are actually used”. In this work, we perform a large scale empirical study of client–API relationships in the Maven ecosystem, in order to investigate this seeming paradox between the observations in industry and the research literature.We study the 94 most popular libraries in Maven Central, as well as the 829,410 client artifacts that declare a dependency to these libraries and that are available in Maven Central, summing up to 2.2M dependencies. Our analysis indicates the existence of a wide spectrum of API usages, with enough clients, most API types end up being used at least once. Our second key observation is that, for all libraries, there is a small set of API types that are used by the vast majority of its clients. The practical consequences of this study are two-fold: (i) it is possible for API maintainers to find an essential part of their API on which they can focus their efforts; (ii) API developers should limit the public API elements to the set of features for which they are ready to have users

Device for making a part of a composite material by resin-transfert moulding

The invention relates to a device (IO) for ma.king a part of a composite material by resin-transfer moulding, that includes a manufacturing mould (IO) in which is placed a blank (1) of the part to be impregnated with resin, characterised in that the manufacturing mould (20) is divided into a matrix (21) and one or more mobile structural members (22) to be indexed on the matrix (21), the whole defining, after assembly, an imprint corresponding to the shape of the part to be manufactured.FUI 072906222 projet CAPSAIRT

Application of Inverse-Probability-of-Treatment Weighting to Estimate the Effect of Daytime Sleepiness in Obstructive sleep apnea patients.

RATIONALE: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the first line therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is considered effective in reducing daytime sleepiness. Its efficacy relies on adequate adherence, often defined as >4 hours per night. However, this binary threshold may limit our understanding of the causal effect of CPAP adherence and daytime sleepiness and multilevel approach for CPAP adherence can be more appropriate. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we show how two causal inference methods can be applied on observational data for the estimation of the effect of different ranges of CPAP adherence on daytime sleepiness measured by the Epworth sleepiness score (ESS) . METHODS: Data were collected from a large prospective observational French cohort for OSA patients. Four groups of CPAP adherence were considered (0-4; 4-6; 6-7 and 7-10 hours per night). Multivariable regression, inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting (IPTW) and IPTW with regression adjustment (IPTW-RA) were used to assess the impact of CPAP adherence level on daytime sleepiness. RESULTS: In this study, 9,244 OSA patients treated by CPAP were included. The mean initial ESS was 11 (±5.2) with a mean reduction of 4 points (±5.1). Overall, there was an evidence of the causal effect of CPAP adherence on daytime sleepiness which was mainly observed between the lower CPAP adherence group (0-4h) compared to the higher CPAP adherence group (7-10h). There are no differences by considering higher level of CPAP adherence (>4h). CONCLUSION: We showed that IPTW and IPTW-RA can be easily implemented to answer questions regarding causal effects using observational data when randomized trials cannot be conducted. Both methods give a direct causal interpretation at the population-level and allow the assessment of the appropriate consideration of measured confounders

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London